Thursday, November 20, 2014

Marijuana Kills Brain Cancer, New Study Confirms!


Marijuana kills brain cancer, new study confirms

The active molecules in cannabis kill brain cancer — another study has revealed.
Scientists using an extract of whole-plant marijuana rich in pot’s main psychoactive ingredient THC as well as cannabidiol (CBD) showed “dramatic reductions in tumor volumes” of a type of brain cancer.
“High-grade glioma is one of the most aggressive cancers in adult humans and long-term survival rates are very low as standard treatments for glioma remain largely unsuccessful,” according to researchers Katherine A. Scott, Angus G. Dalgleish, and Wai M. Liu from the Oncology Department at St. George’s University of London.
Writing in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics this month, the team recounts how they decided to build on existing research that shows “cannabinoids have been shown to specifically inhibit glioma growth as well as neutralize oncogenic processes such as angiogenesis.”
The researchers wanted to boost the success of cannabinoids, so they investigated using THC and CBD both alone and in combination with radiation in a number of glioma cell lines.
Marijuana kills cancer cells in proportion to its dose and duration of treatment, researchers found, and whole plant cannabis rich in THC was more efficacious than pure, lab-grade THC alone.
Moreover, pre-treating cells with THC and CBD for four hours prior to irradiation increased the cancer-killing effects of radiation.
Scientists think THC and CBD prime cancer cells to commit suicide when exposed to radiation — a process called apoptosis.
Tumors treated this way in mouse models for glioma showed “dramatic” results, with pot-treated tumors shrinking to nearly one-tenth the size of tumors in the control group.
“Taken together, our data highlight the possibility that these cannabinoids can prime glioma cells to respond better to ionizing radiation, and suggest a potential clinical benefit for glioma patients by using these two treatment modalities.”
The federal government states cannabis is a schedule one drug with no medical benefits and a high potential for abuse. However, 23 states have medical marijuana laws, and untold thousands of patients with untreatable gliomas are turning to cannabis not only for palliative treatment of chemo nausea and pain, but as an adjunctive therapy for treating the cancer itself.
Patients who want to learn more about cannabis’ palliative uses can check out the new textbookIntegrative Oncology, written by the head of San Francisco General Hospital’s Oncology and Hematology Department — Dr. Donald Abrams.
Patients who want to use cannabis to cure their cancer are entering uncharted territory with few guides. Dr. Abrams said most doctors do not know about or understand the body’s endocannabinoid system, which was discovered in the ’90s. Americans and their doctors have been “terribly and systematically misled” about pot for decades, Dr. Sanjay Gupta stated this year.

Will The Greed of Localities in Oregon Keep Marijuana in the Black Market?

November 18, 2014 

OR Cities to Push Legislature on Local MJ Taxes

League of Oregon Cities
One of the ways backers of recreational cannabis sales in Oregon planned to fight the black market was by prohibiting local governments from enacting their own taxes or fees on the rec industry.
But if the League of Oregon Cities has its way, the state Legislature will overturn that provision in the new law.
The league announced this week that it will ask state lawmakers to amend Measure 91, the ballot initiative approved earlier this month, to allow at least 70 cities interested in implementing their own various taxes on top of the state sales tax, thereby driving up the cost of legal marijuana for consumers.
The taxes written into Measure 91 were a deliberate move by the authors of the measure to combat black market sales, but would also put Oregon in a good position to compete with the Washington State rec market, which has a tax rate so high that illegal marijuana has been kept alive and well.
As the Oregon law stands, marijuana producers would be taxed $35 an ounce on all flowers, $10 an ounce for leaves and $5 for immature plants.
A number of Oregon cities also passed preemptive sales taxes for recreational marijuana in advance of the November vote to try and have their taxes grandfathered in.
The league also plans to ask lawmakers to let city councils and county commissions to ban recreational sales, instead of requiring a vote of the people to do so.

Fibromyalgia and Cannabis

Is Cannabis an effective treament for Fibromyalgia?

"Marijuana has been a medicine for 5,000 years," says Donald I. Abrams, MD. "That's a lot longer than it hasn't been a medicine." Abrams, who is an oncologist and director of clinical research programs at the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at the UCSF School of Medicine in San Francisco, is one of a handful of top-flight doctors in the country researching medical marijuana. "The war on drugs is really a war on patients," he says. 

Fibromyalgia and Medical Marijuana 

What the experts have to say about the use of marijuana for treating fibromyalgia.

WebMD Feature

Reviewed by Matthew Hoffman, MD 






Fibromyalgia, a chronic pain syndrome, is hard to treat and impossible to cure.  With pain so dibilitation, patients may wonder about trying medical marijuana to ease their doscomfort.Still widely controversial, "medical marijuana" refers to the smoked form of the drug. It does not refer to the synthesized version of THC, one of the active chemicals in marijuana, that's available in a medication called Marinol. The FDA first approved Marinol (dronabinol) in 1986 for nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy. It later approved its use for nausea and weight loss from AIDS. 

The History of Medical Marijuana 

So why research medical marijuana when a pill, Marinol, is now available? 
Marijuana -- the plant's Latin name is cannabis -- has a host of components called cannabinoids. These components may have medicinal properties. 
"There are 60 or 70 different cannabinoids in marijuana," says Abrams. Marinol contains only one cannabinoid -- delta-9 THC. When THC is isolated from the plant, other ingredients are lost, including those that might be buffering any adverse effects of taking "straight" THC. "In Chinese medicine," Abrams says, "they prescribe whole herbs and usually combinations of herbs." 
Abrams goes on to point out that, "In 1999 the Institute of Medicine did a report -- Marijuana and Medicine. And they said, in fact, that cannabinoids have benefit in relief of pain, increase in appetite, and relief of nausea and vomiting." 

Is medical marijuana legal? 

The federal government, in the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, placed drugs into five groups called "schedules," driven by three criteria: 
  • potential for abuse or addiction
  • medical usefulness
  • dangers of abuse or addiction, both physically and psychologically 
Marijuana, LSD, and heroin were all initially placed in Schedule I -- the most addictive, and least medically useful, category. 
To further entangle the legal issues, several states have passed their own controlled substance laws that conflict with federal laws. That includes drug policy reforms and "compassionate use" laws that allow patients with terminal and debilitating diseases to use medical marijuana. In order to be able to use it, a patient needs to have documentation from a doctor. 
The American Chronic Pain Society says in ACPA Medications & Chronic Pain, Supplement 2007: "Some states allow the legal use of marijuana for health purposes including pain, while the federal government continues to threaten physicians with prosecution for prescribing it."

The Entourage Effect!

The Entourage Effect. Cannabis is good for you and helps many ailments.

Multiple Sclerosis and Cannabis!

Multiple Sclerosis

Get the PDF Version of this Document
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation, muscular weakness and a loss of motor coordination. Over time, MS patients typically become permanently disabled and, in some cases, the disease can be fatal. According to the US National Multiple Sclerosis Society, about 200 people are diagnosed every week with the disease -- often striking those 20 to 40 years of age.
Clinical and anecdotal reports of cannabinoids' ability to reduce MS-related symptoms such as pain, spasticity, depression, fatigue, and incontinence are plentiful in the scientific literature.[1-12] Specifically, investigators at the University of California at San Diego reported in 2008 that inhaled cannabis significantly reduced objective measures of pain intensity and spasticity in patients with MS in a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. They concluded that "smoked cannabis was superior to placebo in reducing spasticity and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis and provided some benefit beyond currently prescribed treatment."[13] Inhaled cannabis yielded similar results in a 2012 randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving MS subjects who were unresponsive to conventional therapy. That study, published in the Journal of the Canadian Medical Association, concluded, "Smoked cannabis was superior to placebo in symptom and pain reduction in patients with treatment-resistant spasticity."[14] Not surprisingly, patients with multiple sclerosis typically report engaging in cannabis therapy,[15] with one survey indicating that nearly one in two MS patients use the drug therapeutically.[16]
Other studies suggest that cannabinoids may also inhibit MS progression in addition to providing symptom management. Writing in the July 2003 issue of the journal Brain, investigators at the University College of London's Institute of Neurology reported that administration of the synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 provided "significant neuroprotection" in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. "The results of this study are important because they suggest that in addition to symptom management, ... cannabis may also slow the neurodegenerative processes that ultimately lead to chronic disability in multiple sclerosis and probably other disease," researchers concluded.[17] Spanish researchers in 2012 reported similar findings, documenting that "the treatment of EAE mice with the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,512-2 reduced their neurological disability and the progression of the disease."[18]
Investigators have also reported that the administration of oral THC can boost immune function in patients with MS. "These results suggest pro-inflammatory disease-modifying potential of cannabinoids [for] MS," they concluded.[19]
Clinical data reported in 2006 from an extended open-label study of 167 multiple sclerosis patients found that use of whole plant cannabinoid extracts relieved symptoms of pain, spasticity and bladder incontinence for an extended period of treatment (mean duration of study participants was 434 days) without requiring subjects to increase their dose.[20] Results from a separate two-year open label extension trial in 2007 also reported that the administration of cannabis extracts was associated with long-term reductions in neuropathic pain in select MS patients. On average, patients in the study required fewer daily doses of the drug and reported lower median pain scores the longer they took it.[21]These results would be unlikely in patients suffering from a progressive disease like MS unless the cannabinoid therapy was halting its progression, investigators have suggested.
In recent years, health regulators in Canada, Denmark, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom have approved the prescription use of plant cannabis extracts to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis. As of this writing, regulatory approval in the European Union and in the United States still remains pending.
REFERENCES
[1] Chong et al. 2006. Cannabis use in patients with multiple sclerosisMultiple Sclerosis 12: 646-651.
[7] Page et al. 2003. Cannabis use as described by people with multiple sclerosis [PDF]Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 30: 201-205.
[9] Consroe et al. 1997. The perceived effects of smoked cannabis on patients with multiple sclerosisEuropean Journal of Neurology 38: 44-48.
[10] Meinck et al. 1989. Effects of cannabinoids on spasticity and ataxia in multiple sclerosisJournal of Neurology236: 120-122.
[11] Ungerleider et al. 1987. Delta-9-THC in the treatment of spasticity associated with multiple sclerosisAdvances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse 7: 39-50.
[12] Denis Petro. 1980. Marijuana as a therapeutic agent for muscle spasm or spasticity. Psychosomatics 21: 81-85.
[13] Jody Corey-Bloom. 2010. Short-term effects of cannabis therapy on spasticity in multiple sclerosis. In: University of San Diego Health Sciences, Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research. Report to the Legislature and Governor of the State of California presenting findings pursuant to SB847 which created the CMCR and provided state funding. op. cit.
[14] Corey-Bloom et al. 2012. Smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. CMAJ 10: 1143-1150.
[15] Clark et al. 2004. Patterns of cannabis use among patients with multiple sclerosisNeurology 62: 2098-2010.
[16] Reuters News Wire. August 19, 2002. "Marijuana helps MS patients alleviate pain, spasms."
[19] Killestein et al. 2003. Immunomodulatory effects of orally administered cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis.Journal of Neuroimmunology 137: 140-143.